How to Write Evil Characters: A Workshop

It is said to write what we know, and it is preferred that our pieces are written from a single point of view without splashing around into various minds met along the way. So, assuming we ourselves are not evil, and the bad guy we're trying to portray in the book is not the point-of-view character in the story, how do we create and then establish an evil character?

To write what we know does not necessarily mean to write ourselves into our pieces, and as such it does not mean that we have to be evil in order to write an evil character.  Based on this, where do we find our knowledge of evil?


We're going to go my direction, though you may have a flood of initial responses to that question. In preparation for this workshop, I spent time speaking with many of my friends, and it's kind of haunting. It's disturbing to discover what we actually know of evil, and the arguments we can make for or against any character actually being evil.

What's the difference between the bad character and the evil character?

What's the difference between the villain as an antagonist and the villain as a supporting character?

Is a villain evil, necessarily?

Commonly accepted embodiments of evil. Here is my initial list. You are to briefly write out your own list. This is to get you into the mindset of the characters, so we may have a richer discussion.

• Lord Voldemort from Harry Potter
• Darth Vader from Star Wars
• Hannibal Lector from Silence of the Lambs
• Joker from Batman
• Sauron from Lord of the Rings
• The Wicked Witch of the West from The Wizard of Oz
• Dominion from Star Trek: Deep Space 9
• Moriarty from Sherlock Holmes
• Lex Luther from Superman

Now before we inspect these characters, we will cover some definitions. This is so we have a common vocabulary with which to discuss. You are always welcome to chime in and/or refute these philosophical ideas. Also, after each point, try to come up with an example character that embodies the definition, or refutes it.

Character1
Character is assessed by how people are disposed to behave, think, and desire.

They are "driven by greed, neuroses, or conviction that their cause is just, but he's driven by something not unlike the things that drive a hero."

An evil man may be a coward, and may not act out of fear. Alternately, a man may be inhibited from acting, but is still evil.

The character may perform a series of evil acts, but this might reflect a variety of character flaws, so when you write your character, be sure to include the why, the motivation of it.

A person may have a good, or a bad will, sympathy is beside the point, relevant only as  a function of encouraging or inhibiting the traits that matter.

Evil
These definitions are independent theories of what makes an evil character.

An evil man delights in performing  harmful acts with a certain moral gravity to them, and is not animated by understandable considerations.

An evil man is often enough prone to do evil act.

An evil act is undeserved harm.

A person is evil if they are a regular source of evil.

An evil person feels pleasure at the pain of others (antisympathetic).

An evil person performs evil acts because they are wrong or without regard to morals.

An evil person lacks a fully active conscience.

Morals and Conscience
What is moral?
What is immoral?
What is amoral?

Our conscience judges what is right and wrong.
A conscience also creates our senses of remorse and of integrity, or the feeling one has when they feel they have done the right thing.

Psychopathy
So, I bring these definitions to the table for us to examine whether we believe that a psychopath is capable of evil, or if alternately, a psychopath is by definition evil.

A psychopath has a disregard for the rights of others and the rules of society.
A psychopath has a lack of empathy.
A psychopath has emotional shallowness.
A psychopath uses manipulation, and is parasitic.
A psychopath is irresponsible and impulsive.
A psychopath has a lack of remorse and an inability to reform.
A psychopath has unrealistic goals and a sense of grandiosity, or inflated view of themselves.
A psychopath is amoral.

So: Are they Evil?

We'll start with examining some easy ones we are all familiar with:
Disney villains.2 The challenge here is to examine the character and determine if we can make an argument that no, they are not evil. Make the case, push the limits of what you're comfortable with. By trying to eliminate these people from the list, we will uncover further depth of character, more detail written by the authors or screenwriters, that ensure the audience agrees these are indeed evil characters.

We may, however, discover that the character is not well written, and that we may be able to do a better job. We may also discover that we can't define what makes us feel these are evil are not explicable reasons, but instead point-of-view analyses, or culturally motivated. This is the part you discuss with the friends you trust. This is where you find your own dark side.

• Scar from The Lion King
• Is driven by power, kills guiltlessly, is manipulative (lies). Is he evil?

• The Queen from Snow White
• Is motivated by beauty, participates in a commonly accepted form of evil: witchcraft, intends to eat Snow White's heart, uses poison. Is she evil?

• Stromboli from Pinnochio
• Burns old marionettes, motivated by money, kidnaps Pinnochio and forces him to work? Is he evil?

• Cruella De Vil from 101 Dalmations
• Kills puppies to make coats, "Poison them, drown them, bash them on the head" Is she evil?

• Governor Ratcliffe from Pocahontas
• Money hungry, hates, fights, and attacks indians even after it's proven they have nothing he wants. Is he evil?

• Shan-Yu from Mulan
• Motivated by power, superiority, "How many men does it take to deliver a message," Remorseless. Is he evil?

• Lady Tremaine, the stepmother in Cinderella
• Self-centered, doles out psychological abuse, inflicts extreme suffering. Is she evil?

• Jafar from Aladdin
• Motivated by power, pretends, lies, cheats. Is he evil?

• Ursula from The Little Mermaid
• Manipulative, collects souls so they can suffer, motivated by power. Is she evil?

• Maleficient from Sleeping Beauty
• Motivated by revenge, uses poison, injures the innocent. Is she evil?

Now after we've made ourselves quite uncomfortable with ourselves, lets take a look at a man well known for creating evil: Stephen King.3 Again, the challenge is to make a case against these characters being evil.

• Christine, the car from Christine
• Possessed, motivated by love, revenge, and self-preservation. Is she evil?

• Randall Flagg from The Stand and others
• Builds a city in his name, wants dominance, power, destruction, fascism. Uses crucifixion, torture, other torments. Is he evil?

• Jack Torrance in The Shining
• Portrayed very differently in film than in book. In the movie, he is insane. In the book, he struggles with a temper, an abusive father, addiction, and is influenced by the supernatural. In the book, he is redeemed at the end. In the movie, he is not. Is he evil?

• Pennywise from It
• Supernatural, from an other dimension, turns your fear against you, uses our dimension to farm food (children). Is it evil?

• Annie Wilkes from Misery
• Unstable, obsessed with a fictional character, kidnaps, refuses medical attention for prisoner, overreacts by cutting off prisoner's thumb and breaks his ankles, has a history of killing people including babies when she was a nurse, is a serial killer.Is she evil?

Now it's time to examine the people on the lists you've made.

(The following list was made by students who attended either hour of this workshop on April 27, 2012. Accuracy of spelling or source is not guaranteed. By the way, it is a very good list.)

1. Aliens from Space Jam
2. The Wolf from Little Red Riding Hood
3. President Snow from The Hunger Games
4. Vector from Despicable Me
5. Tyler Durdan from Fight Club
6. Megatron from Transformers
7. Goblin from Spiderman
8. King Hyperion from Immortals
9. Dr. Facilier from the Princess and the Frog
10. Lord Farqua from Shrek
11. Red Skull from Captain America
12. Loki from Thor
13. Rumpelstiltskin from Shrek the Third
14. Volturi from Twilight
15. Capulets and Montagues from Romeo and Juliet
16. Leviathan from the Blue Bloods series
17. The Iron King from the Iron Fay series
18. Gabriel from the Faerie Path series
19. Captain Hook from Peter Pan
20. King from The Black Cauldron
21. Rasputin from Anastasia
22. Vlad the Impaler from Dracula
23. Dr. Doom from DC comics
24. The Hat Guy from Meet the Robinsons
25. Mr. Fredrickson from Up
26. Syndrome from The Incredibles
27. The Fairy Godmother from Shrek
28. Decepticons from Transformers
29. T-Rex from Jurassic Park
30. Spurbury Police from Super Troopers
31. Shark from Jaws
32. Draco Malfoy from Harry Potter
33. Gollum from Lord of the Rings
34. Alex from A Clockwork Orange
35. Hal from 2001 A Space Odyssey
36. Biff from Back to the Future
37. Parallax from Green Lantern
38. Xenomorphs from the Alien saga
39. Hans Landa from Inglorious Basterds
40. Medusa from Clash of the Titans
41. Kahn from Star Trek: the Wrath of Khan
42. Roy Batty from Blade Runner
43. Galbatorix from Eragon
44. Silvery Guy from Terminator
45. Morgana from Merlin
46. Gravemind from Halo
47. Truth from Halo
48. GLaDOS from Portal
49. Red John from The Mentalist
50. Jim from Montana Sky
51. Purple Bear from Toy Story
52. Gaston from Beauty and the Beast
53. Clue from Tron
54. Creatures from Don't Be Afraid of the Dark
55. Scarecrow from Batman
56. Gadiantons from Tennis Shoes Among the Nephites
57. Bowser from Mario
58. Unconsecrated/Mudo from The Forest of Hands and Teeth
59. Cato from The Hunger Games
60. Megamind from Megamind
61. Wheatly from Portal 2
62. Master from Doctor Who
63. Vivian Volkoff from Chuck
64. Vasiely from Robin Hood
65. Witch of the Waste from Howl's Moving Castle novel
66. The Silence from Doctor Who
67. Magneto from the X-men
68. Sebastion Shaw from X-men First Class
69. Rose Red from Rose Red
70. Alexander Brenenberg from Amnesia
71. Tiger Star from Warriors
72. Seifer from Final Fantasy 8
73. The Flood from Halo
74. Lord Sidithes from Star Wars
75. Ultron from Marvel comics
76. Venom from Spiderman
77. Darth Maul from Star Wars
78. Stryer from Darkhunter series
79. Eggman from Sonic
80. Sephicoth from Crisis Core
81. The Spirit in Paranormal Activity
82. Carmen SanDiego from Where in the World is Carmen San Diego
83. Janie Canister from The Game of Thrones
84. Pete from Mickey Mouse comics
85. The Phantom Blot from Epic Mickey
86. The Horned King from The Book of Three
87. Rabbit from Winnie the Pooh

Dungeons and Dragons came out with an alignment table, with nine categories with degrees of good and evil. You can use these as helpful guidelines if your struggling with the consistency of traits of your evil character.4

Lawful Good         Neutral Good        Chaotic Good
Lawful Neutral    True Neutral         Chaotic Neutral
Lawful Evil           Neutral Evil          Chaotic Evil

Lawful Evil follows a code of conduct, regardless of collateral.
Here we have the devil and other diabolical characters.
The Lawful Evil character combines honor with self-interest. They are methodical, intention, successful. They believe in predestination, fate, and destiny.
Examples include: Darth Vader from Star Wars, Magneto from X-men, Delores Umbridge from Harry Potter, and the Borg from Star Trek.

The Neutral Evil does evil for evil's sake. They advance themselves without regard, they are self serving, desire power, glory, wealth, position, fame and fortune. They use whatever means necessary. They believe in social darwinism.
Examples include Emperor Palpatrine from Star Wars, Kahn Noonien Singh from Star Trek, Saurman from Lord of the Rings, Peter Pettigrew from Harry Potter, and Lex Luther from Superman.

The Chaotic Evil character is motivated by greed and a lust for destruction. They are hot-tempered, arbitrarily violent, unpredictable, manipulative, and poorly organized.
These are the demons and other demonic characters. They believe in freedom and individualism. They believe in the destruction of life and beauty and order. They believe life has no value.
Examples are Gollum from Lord of the Rings, The Joker from Batman, Lord Voldemort from Harry Potter, and Lore from Star Trek.

You, as a writer, already have a moral code, built into yourself, built into your culture, built into your religion. You are offended when people across the world see the choices you make as evil. You are offended when other Americans see your choices as evil. Keep this in mind, keep your audience in mind as you develop your characters. The morality that defines your characters, both good and evil, also defines you and your audience. This will make a difference in how your characters are received. This will ultimately define whether you have succeeded in writing an evil character.

Remember as you create your evil characters,
"In the real world, there are no villains. No one actually sets out to do evil...There are no villains cackling and rubbing their hands in glee as they contemplate their evil deeds. There are only people with problems, struggling to solve them." 5

****************************************
Sources
1. David Lubar "Villains Don’t Always Wear Black" Revision Notes. Darcy Pattison
2. http://listverse.com/2009/06/09/top-10-most-evil-disney-villains/
3. wikipedia
4. easydamus.com/alignment
5. Ben Bova,"Tips for writers" benbova.com

Spreading Love with Passive-Aggression

img src: somewhere deep inside the internet. It surfaced around Dec 2010 as far as I can tell. 

Just a sign like this points to the idea that someone out there loves you, even though they don't know you. That someone out there respects you, the person who walked there before you, and all the people who are walking there after you.  There's someone out there who sees something pleasant in each person they pass as they walk through life. And it reminds me to do the same.

Today, I will present you with several printable things for fun and inspiration. It's like graffiti, but with posters. It's passive-aggressive awesomeness spreading.


Enjoy.

I made this poster. Print freely. Use post-its to up your day count.
poster idea from http://school.failblog.org/2012/02/28/homework-class-test-what-happened-days-ago/
image source: Demotivational poster and/or t-shirt "Exercise: Some Motivation Required"

Click here for the downloadable PDF

I saw one of these at the bank. One of the tellers had it by her station behind the teller wall. I wished I could have reached across and gotten one, but I didn't need to. I took a smile with me anyway.
pdf source: http://nicethingsnow.com/take-a-smile/

Sometimes you just have to go alone.
img src: http://imgur.com/UOYGN (I'd love to give better credit if the source is ever found)

To be framed behind glass and filled out with a dry-erase marker.
I also made this one. Print freely.
idea source: http://purplestpecalin.blogspot.com/2011/08/because-there-are-so-many-reasons.html

Prayer & the Point of Words

Today we discussed prayer. I was raised Catholic, and have found disfavor with some of the ritualistic ways you are to blindly follow through Catholic dogma. I find that there is a God, not just because science can't explain certain things, but that God describes that which is perfect. And life is perfect.

But back to Prayer. Since becoming more active in the homeschooling community here in my town, I have been part of several group blessings, many openings and closings in prayer, and none of them are familiar.

Some are even abrasive. For one, most everyone overuses the word "just" and in doing so, negates it. "Lord, I just thank you" and then immediately followed by "And Father, I just want you to bless this group" which obviously is a second list item messing with the first and therefore...but that's semantic and I'm that way. But seriously, cut down on the "just" interjections. It's filler, like the word "um."

Also, many leaders are poor speakers. Their prayers are more like...rambles. I get very uncomfortable. "Do you people not prepare?" I end up thinking.

I voiced this to my husband who was raised with several aspects of Protestantism in his multi-faceted family. He says that these prayers are honest, moved in the moment, from the heart and moved because that is how the individual feels.

My counter-argument is that Catholics pray a recitation--that when speaking or thinking these words, the weight of history comes down upon you, the voice of Jesus because these were the words He taught you to speak comes down upon you, the hierarchy of Pope and Archbishop all the way down to me--this hierarchy becomes flattened and we are the same entity, we are a community, and to speak these words moves you--really, really moves you.

He said, that's Dogma.

Catholics, he said, were the first to successfully employ the power of sound and music to move a group of people, as in the movies when you feel the way you feel but you can't really explain why. Catholicism--just walk through the door and you are greeted by a sound that you feel, whether that sound is silence or music.

I agreed. Catholicism is tactile. You kneel, you touch your host, your chalice, your holy water. You breathe your incense, you touch your books, the organ reverberates through your bones. You shake hands and greet those around you, clamoring over others to get a single tip of a single finger in contact. You are physically touched when in mass.

But back to the prayer, when you speak a prayer, though Dogmatic to speak, though designed, he asserts it is merely a recitation and that negates the necessity for comprehension.

I point out that when speaking a prayer as written brings the gathered closer together, that those listening are in sync with the orator, but with this Protestant prayer (as we have blanketly called it) the listener is one moment behind, a follower. He says that in Protestantism, there are groups of things you can say, and that with experience, I can follow the speaker, and how the speaker is moved. I can hear where their spirit takes them without disconnect. I acknowledge that I have little experience with these prayers.

The banter ended organically, after I mentioned that there seems to be no art in this new kind of prayer. Which, I countered myself, is Dogma. Art is beautiful, and we are drawn to it, easily controlled by it.

I think about the words being recited. I always understood, but I am unique in that I understand a lot that others don't, and I have a drive to understand more. I know the words I say and I say, those words move me. They transport me. They take me through time, through space, they put me with God.

These ramblings, as I called them, as I feel them to be, with my husband's description of being made of recognizable parts, much like Legos I imagine, these ramblings are like waves of movement. You are moved in parts, in sections, in moments. When you pray in a Catholic gathering with a Catholic prayer, it is like a river. There are no waves, there is no grasping back at reality, there is no moment to breathe, to wait, to restabilize. You are taken away. The mass is often an hour and a half long. You are taken on a fastforward journey for an hour and a half, and when mass is closed, an entire congregation exhales. You are reminded that you breathe, and with this breath, you are unique as well as part of a whole. I don't know what it is like to sit through a non-holiday Protestant service.

I have not spoken a Catholic prayer in quite some time. I teach the children the Our Father, but my husband has this extra sentence on the end that separates me.  I can't remember the words to any of the others. I grapple for them, but they elude me. The power over me is broken, like a mispoken spell.

Words that are spoken have power, whether we know them inside our bodies before we hear them or not. No, words are not pointless, Heather. Even words we say or hear often, or grammatically find redundant. Now, to just find my peace with "just."

Celebrate the New Year, Whenever

I started writing the essay assigned to me by my English teacher [friend]...

I would now like a 1,000-word essay on the point in time at which various cultures throughout history started over for their new year, and why. Go!

...and something much more valuable revealed itself.

I looked at the New Year in meme-inspiring cultures, like ninjas and samurai, pirates, and the Maya. I looked at fictional New Year celebrations, like the Jedi, the Star Trek universe, and the satirical Diskworld. I looked at celebrations from the International Date Line back around to itself. (Wouldn't it be interesting to walk around the North Pole to experience the turn of the New Year every hour?)

And then my friend reached a moment of need. She exclaimed, potentially in despair, to the support structure she built for herself on Facebook, 

"This year fucking sucks. I am done with it." 

The affirmations she was asking for started pouring out from her friends, but a couple other things peeked through. One was the idea that she could, to avoid the rest of the year, swoop into the future to the end of the year, comment on the post, and thereby prove the meme of Mayan-predicted apocolypse invalid. Another was that she could choose to hereby end the year and start counting a new one, just like all the myriad calendars with "starts" throughout the year.

Years, historically and culturally, are not arbitrary, as one might imagine, and some have never needed improvement. Take the Assyrian calendar: it starts on the first of April and has for the past 6,763 years. Thus these not-arbitrary calendars are based on something. Great. What? 

Several are based on the beginning of spring, the vernal equinox. These include the Baha'i, the Persian, and the Kurdish. Some are based on a traditional combination of a full moon and an equinox/solstice, such as the Bengali and the Napali, starting mid-April, or the Runic, starting the first full moon after the winter solstice, landing on or near January 1st, which, of course, is the Gregorian calendar's first day of the year (the one we use). There are the calendars that has a specific start date for some other reason: North Korea starts counting from Kim Jong Il's birthday. Other calendars are more flexible in comparison to the Gregorian calendar: the Chinese calendar started the end of January and will end in February of 2013; the Hebrew calendar will begin September 12 of 2012 and end about a week later in 2013; the Julian calendar, used in Egypt and elsewhere, starts August 29th or 30th; and the Celts begin their year November 1st or so.

Nearly every calendar accounts for the extra fraction of the day it takes to orbit the sun. There are mini-months of 5 days, there are 1 or 2 whole months added seemingly at random, there are single days tacked on every few years. Most calendars are kept stable and consistent. (Wouldn't it be fun NOT to account for the irreconcilable difference between earth's orbit and rotation? I could celebrate my birthday in the snow. In fact, it could be quite convenient because as it is I can't ever celebrate my son's birthday at a park because of snow.)

So back to my assignment, and the fact that I've abandoned it in lieu of the more pressing discussion of my friend. Perhaps it would help you to know she has lupus and pulmonary hypertension, is allergic to all the standard versions of medical devices she could have implanted to help her, can barely fight an infection, needs a heart transplant, and just wanted to have a beer on St. Patty's Day, but couldn't due to her date's health for once, instead of her own. Perhaps it would help you to understand how much power her two sentences can have over another person's life. Perhaps you will now know why I have given her a joyous happy new year greeting, on March 27th of 2012, no day of importance to anyone but her, and that she is indeed taking the advice of starting her year anew.

Did I say calendars weren't arbitrary? Well, now they are. Should you decide you need to trash this manuscript, or at least file it away for posterity, and start a new one, you may. You have hereby been granted permission. Maybe one day we can ask each other, "When does your year start?" instead of "How old are you?" for this marks the day they've made their own. There is one more culture I looked at and it intrigued me especially. The Akan calendar doesn't  use years. They just have a 42 day month, and then they start a new one. Just like that. New leaf: turned. Who said "year" meant "orbit?"





Sources:Links from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calendars

It's Not What Jesus Wouldn't Do, It's What Christians Wouldn't Do

Comics like this make me want to scream, "Cut it out."

The behavior of Jesus we know and love and emulate is his behavior as he was fulfilling his purpose of being sacrificial lamb. 

After he has accomplished his goal of saving the souls of all humanity, pulling people from the depths of hell and returning them to God--after that, his return will be the rapture which involves the removal of the good from the earth (potentially, the death of the body), leaving the unsaved behind to burn in fire after their bout with disease and other apocalyptic plagues.

So.

• Does he "hate" his enemies? No, but he can't save them again. They get the same chance everyone else gets.

• Does he attack the poor? Well, just because they're poor doesn't mean they get to automatically go to heaven. He still leaves the evil poor to the devices of evil.

• Side with the rich? Can't people with money be saved? If not, then the population in heaven come rapture will be the population of third world countries.

• What the heck does run a network mean? I tend to think he had quite a network of followers as evidenced by the Acts of the Apostles and the subsequent letters that reached his word across the continent.

• Jesus himself wouldn't run for political office, but he assigned one of his followers to be the first of the most powerful chain of men in history: Pope. 

• And finally, how, will there be a final stand between good and evil without a militia of his angels? He may not join one, but he'll be leading the ultimate militia.

Before you go and hack my argument to pieces, know I just argue as devil's advocate. I judge Christians based on their constant offense. They gotta stop telling people they're bad, for any reason.

You don't think people are living up to the faith they claim to have? So what? You're place is not to judge them. Oh my, they own a gun and claim to be a Christian? What a hypocrite! Merely calling them a hypocrite is hypocritical of your own Christian alignment. Cut it out.

This is what this comic--and others like it--make me want to scream. Cut it out.